当前开发新型精神疾病治疗药物受到多个难题的制约,比如我们对于已有药物在大脑中发挥治疗作用的机制的了解还比较有限,同时缺少可以帮助临床医师进行精确诊断、监测疾病进展和评估治疗应答水平的分子标记物,当然也包括精神疾病本身的复杂性。因此精神疾病药物的开发进展缓慢,当前所用药物大多还是很多年以前开发的。
特别需要指出的是我们目前开发精神疾病药物面临的一个确切困境,就是我们往往基于临床观察到的患者症状做出评价而不是病理学结果,这会导致临床试验无法进行最精确的受试者分组或统计结果的偏倚。当然一些新的研究协作项目期望能够为精神疾病药物的开发带来突破,比如期望通过人类基因组学研究鉴定出潜在的基因指示物,以帮助我们搞清楚特定基因表达水平与不同精神疾病亚组人群的联系,相比患者的总体症状,我们或许可以发现与精神疾病更相关的治疗靶点。
根据美国心理健康研究所的数据,美国约1/4人群(6150万人)被诊断患有精神疾病,美国一年因重度精神疾病遭受的损失大约为3170亿美元。
MENTAL HEALTH MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 2014Mental health conditions exact a heavy human and economic toll in the United States. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) estimates that 1 in 4 American adults—61.5 million—have been diagnosed with a mental health disorder. According to the NIMH, serious mental illnesses cost the United States more than $317 billion annually in lost wages, health care expenditures and disability benefits.
Biopharmaceutical research companies are currently developing 119 medicines to help people who have some type of mental disorder, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, or substance use disorders. Those medicines are either in clinical trials or awaiting review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with more than 75 percent of the medicines in the earliest phases of research and development—a time when potential treatments often face diffi cult hurdles and setbacks.
View the Full Mental Health Repo
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