松树皮含有治疗黑素瘤的特定物质

松树皮含有治疗黑素瘤的特定物质

                               
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发布日期：2014-05-26  来源：ibtimes  
美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学医学院的一项新研究发现，松树皮中含有的特定物质具有成为治疗黑素瘤新药的潜力。

　　现有治疗黑素瘤的药物的标靶是单一的蛋白质，这种药物在最初使用的时候可能有效，但癌细胞快速生长之后就会对药物的治疗产生耐受性，病人的康复也因此受到阻碍。

　　据宾夕法利亚州赫尔歇黑素瘤研究中心主任，药理学、病理学、皮肤医学及手术专业教授Gavin Robertson介绍，对于癌细胞来说，耐受性就像是癌细胞克服其内部回路中的一个“交通堵塞”，治疗药物对于癌细胞来说只是某条道路被关闭了，癌细胞能够进行迂回或者选择其他的道路来绕过这个阻碍。

　　而宾夕法尼亚州立大学的最新研究或许能够制造一种癌细胞无法绕过的全面“大堵塞”来解决这个耐受性问题。

　　研究小组对480种天然化合物进行了调查，并从松树皮中发现了一种叫做Leelamine的物质，这种物质制成的药物具有阻止癌细胞发展出耐受性的潜力。

　　Robertson表示，自然界存在的许多物质都可能成为有效的抗癌药物，有一些这类物质已经被用在几种癌症的治疗当中，现有的超过60%的抗癌物是从植物、动物、海洋生物和微生物当中提取的。不过Leelamine这种物质的作用方式却非常的与众不同。

　　据介绍，Leelamine具有关闭PI3K、MAPK和STAT3之类的一些蛋白质通路的潜力，而这些通路同时也占了黑素瘤生长所需的70%的比例。

　　这种由松树提取的物质的作用方式是阻止胆固醇在癌细胞附近的运输和活动，能够有效的阻断癌细胞之间的交流，从而杀死癌细胞。

　　研究结果已经发布在了《肿瘤分子治疗学》（Molecular Cancer Therapeutics）期刊上。

Pine Bark Component to Cure Skin Cancer Melanoma

A compound found in pine bark called leelamine, can be used to treat skin cancer melanoma, according to a study.mikeyskatie/Flickr

A compound found in pine bark called leelamine, can be used to treat skin cancer melanoma, according to a new study.

Melanoma is a cancer that starts in the cells that produce the melanin pigment. Melanoma can be identified through visible changes in size or colour of a mole.

Exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation, through spending more time under the sun in the beach, living in a sunny area or engaging in activities like sunbathing and water sports, increases the risk of developing skin cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Apart from that, people with more number of sunburns, sun-damaged skin like liver spots, actinic keratosis and solar elastosis, are also at a greater risk of developing skin cancer.

about 90 percent of the melanomas are caused by mutation in genes, due to the prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Certain abnormal proteins produced by the genetic mutation have long been known to play a major role in this deadly disease.

Most of the drugs currently available to treat melanoma work by targeting single proteins. Though these drugs initially succeed in blocking activities of the protein, the cancer cells, gradually develops resistance by finding other ways for survival.

"To a cancer cell, resistance is like a traffic problem in its circuitry," Gavin Robertson, of the Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, said in a news release. "Cancer cells see treatment with a single drug as a road closure and use a detour or other roads to bypass the closure."

To solve this problem, Robertson and colleagues from the Penn State Hershey Medical Center in the US, tested 480 natural compounds and found that leelamine, a compound found in pine tree barks, was highly effective in targeting multiple protein pathways like PI3K, MAPK and STAT3, thus preventing the cancer cells from multiplying and spreading to other parts of the body. Nearly 70 percent of the melanoma cases are caused by these protein pathways. Activity of the cancer cells is mainly based on the cholesterol that surrounds it. Experiments showed that leelamine can kill cancer cells by shutting down the cholesterol transport and its movement around the cancer cells.

"The cancer cell is addicted to these pathways," Robertson said. "And when they are shut down, the bypass routes cannot be used. The result is the cancer cells die."

Researchers based their findings on experiments they conducted on cells grown in culture dishes and mice. The component prevented tumour development in the rodents and did not cause any side effects.

Findings of the study have been reported in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

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